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The Schüfftan process is a movie special effect named after its inventor, Eugen Schüfftan (1893–1977). It was widely used in the first half of the 20th century before being almost completely replaced by the travelling matte and bluescreen effects. Vscode markdown.

Introduction[edit]

The process was refined and popularized by the German cinematographer Eugen Schüfftan while he was working on the movie Metropolis (1927), although there is evidence that other film-makers were using similar techniques earlier than this. The movie's director, Fritz Lang, wanted to insert the actors into shots of miniatures of skyscrapers and other buildings, so Schüfftan used a specially made mirror to create the illusion of actors interacting with huge, realistic-looking sets.

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Schüfftan placed a plate of glass at a 45-degree angle between the camera and the miniature buildings. He used the camera's viewfinder to trace an outline of the area into which the actors would later be inserted onto the glass. This outline was transferred onto a mirror and all the reflective surface that fell outside the outline was removed, leaving transparent glass. When the mirror was placed in the same position as the original plate of glass, the reflective part blocked a portion of the miniature building behind it and also reflected the stage behind the camera. The actors were placed several meters away from the mirror so that when they were reflected in the mirror, they would appear at the right size.

In the same movie, Schüfftan used a variation of this process so that the miniature set (or drawing) was shown on the reflective part of the mirror and the actors were filmed through the transparent part.

Over the following years, the Schüfftan process was used by many other film-makers, including Alfred Hitchcock, in his films Blackmail (1929) and The 39 Steps (1935), and as recently as The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), directed by Peter Jackson. Yahoo chat for mac free download. The Schüfftan process has largely been replaced with matte shots, which allow the two portions of the image to be filmed at different times and give opportunities for more changes in post production.

The Schüfftan process's use of mirrors is very similar to the 19th century stage technique known as Pepper's ghost.

With this calculator you can realize bit shift operations with decimal, hexadecimal, binary and octal numbers. A1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom. (Vsp A.22) 237: Eter gate me his scyft and þer me hi to ʒesceodeð. A1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34) 37/20-21: Gif ðu riht offrest and noht riht ne sciftst L diuidis, ðu senegest mare ðan ðu god do. Ðu ʒifst ðine eihte gode, and ðe seluen ðe dieule; Þat nis naht riht iscift, for ðan betere is an god saule ðan all ðe woreld mid all hire eihte. We provide strategic and organisational design services to 'changemakers for good'. Our world is in flux. Placing us at the cusp of profound paradigm shifts.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • Pinteau, Pascal; & Hirsch, Laurel (Translator) (2005). Special Effects: An Oral History – Interviews with 37 Masters Spanning 100 Years. Harry N. Abrams, Inc.ISBN0-8109-5591-1.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links[edit]

  • Eugen Schüfftan at IMDb
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Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schüfftan_process&oldid=989516580'

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Related to shifter: Barrel shifter

shift

(shĭft)v.tr.
1. To exchange (one thing) for another of the same class: shifted assignments among the students.
2. To move or transfer from one place or position to another.
4. To change (gears), as in an automobile.
5. Linguistics To alter phonetically as part of a systematic historical change.
v.intr.
1. To change position, direction, place, or form.
2.
a. To provide for one's own needs; get along: 'See me safe up: for my coming down, I can shift for myself'(Thomas More).
3. To change gears, as when driving an automobile.
4. Linguistics To be altered as part of a systematic historical change. Used of speech sounds.
n.
1. A change from one person or configuration to another; a substitution.
2. Shifting

Shifren Case

a. A group of workers that relieve another on a regular schedule.
b. The working period of such a group: worked the night shift.
3.
b. A stratagem; a trick.
5. A change in attitude, judgment, or emphasis.
6. A change in position, as:
a. Music A change of the hand position in playing the violin or a similar instrument.
b. Football A rearrangement of players from one formation to another just prior to the snap of the ball.
c. Baseball A rearrangement of one or more fielders for improved defense against a particular hitter.
e. Computers Movement of characters in a register to the left or right, as of the bits in a byte.
8. Physics A change in wavelength, causing a movement of a spectral band or line.
9. Linguistics

Shifting Cultivation

a. A systematic change of the phonetic or phonemic structure of a language.
10.
a. A loosely fitting dress that hangs straight from the shoulder; a chemise.
[Middle English shiften, from Old English sciftan, to arrange, divide.]
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Noun1.shifter - a stagehand responsible for moving scenery
stage technician, stagehand - an employee of a theater who performs work involved in putting on a theatrical production
2.shifter - a mechanical device for engaging and disengaging gears; 'in Britain they call a gearshift a gear lever'
mechanical device - mechanism consisting of a device that works on mechanical principles
automotive vehicle, motor vehicle - a self-propelled wheeled vehicle that does not run on rails
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

shifter

n
(US Aut, bicycle) → Schalthebelm
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

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